Cryptorchidism - Undescended testicles

Cryptorchidism, also known as undescended testicles, is a condition in which one or both of the testicles fail to descend into the scrotum. During normal development, the testes form inside the abdomen and then descend into the scrotum before birth or within the first few months of life.

In cases of cryptorchidism, one or both testicles remain in the abdomen, groin, or undescended in the inguinal canal (the passageway between the abdomen and the scrotum). This condition is more commonly seen in premature infants but can occur in full-term infants as well.

Cryptorchidism can have several consequences and potential complications. The main concern is that undescended testicles are at a higher risk of infertility and testicular cancer later in life. Other complications may include inguinal hernia, testicular torsion (twisting of the testicle), and problems with testicular development and hormone production.

Treatment for cryptorchidism usually involves surgical intervention to bring the undescended testicle(s) into the scrotum. This procedure is called orchidopexy or orchiopexy. It is typically performed before the child reaches one year of age to optimize testicular development and reduce the risk of complications. In some cases, hormonal therapy may be attempted prior to surgery to stimulate testicular descent, but surgery is often the primary treatment approach.

If cryptorchidism is left untreated, it is important to monitor the condition and seek medical attention to address potential complications and ensure appropriate management. Regular follow-up with a healthcare professional is recommended to assess the progress and development of the testicles.